Force induced variations result from
- the way the calender is operated and
- from previous process steps such as feed mill operation
- compound consistency from mixing
In rubber calendering, separating forces generated are quite high; typically 160,000 lbs to 300,000 lbs at each actuator for a 66 inch active roll face producing a 60-inch wide rubber sheet. Those forces literally stretch the calender frame. Variations in these forces will therefore vary the amount of frame stretch and thus vary roll position and calendered gauge.
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